There are basically couple of differences between Arctic and Antarctica.

First, Arctic is located around North Pole while Antarctica is situated around South Pole. The second difference is Arctic is frozen ocean surrounded by land masses while in Antarctica, ice is frozen over land surrounded by the Southern Ocean. Since Antarctica is the frozen ice mass over land, over the past 160 million years, its average thickness is 2.3 km amsl. The ice has given a dome shape to Antarctica, resulting in the development of severe most katabatic winds, coldest sites on the globe, highest visibility and the severe cyclones surrounding it.

These differences have further resulted in the development of unique biological lives and certainly, Antarctica holds the basic imprint of life in micro forms 4 to 5 km below the ice, so that in case of any mutiny or catastrophe on Earth, the life will again originate from these extremophiles in Antarctica.

Nature is great and so is Antarctica, the most celestial place on Earth.

• The differences between the Arctic and Antarctic can fill an encyclopedia.
• The similarities between the Arctic and Antarctic can fill an encyclopedia.
• The Antarctic is land surrounded by ocean. The Arctic is ocean surrounded by land.
• The Antarctica was discovered in about 1820. The Arctic has had it own peoples and cultures for eons.
• The Antarctic has penguins. The Arctic has migratory Auks who’s plumage and behavior share some similarity to penguins but are very different creatures.
• The Antarctic has many interesting birds besides penguins. List of birds of Antarctica - Wikipedia
• The Arctic has many interesting birds besides auks. Top 10 Amazing Arctic Birds - The Mysterious World, Birds of the Arctic

• Both Antarctica and the Arctic have their own species of whales, dolphins, and seals unique to the area.
• The Polar Bear and walrus are unique to the Arctic.

Animals in Antarctica - South Polar

a list of North Polar animals

Antarctica: South pole

Arctic: North pole

Antarctica actually have a landmass, over that continental ice sheets are present. It's actually a continental plate (one of total 7 major continental plate).

Whereas, Arctic is frozen water. So due to global warming melting of that ice has negligible effect on sea level rise. But the melting of continental ice from Antarctica will create tremendous change in sea level.

Antarctica host penguin, which not found in arctic. Whereas in Arctic we have Polar bear.

There are some basic differences between the two regions:

1. Arctic is frozen ocean surrounded by land. While, Antarctica is frozen land surrounded by oceans. Since it is surrounded by stormiest oceans, the thickness of ice has grown beyond 4 km in the interior of the continent. It’s shape is unique, it is an inverted bowl, which leads to the formation of world’s strongest and persistent winds (wind speeds touching 300 km/hr). Due to elevation, Antarctica has the minimum temperature recorded over earth.
2. Since Arctic is land locked, animals can venture here but Antarctica is absolutely isolated from rest of the world and has its own unique biological system.
3. Antarctica locks world’s largest fresh water and for many countries facing acute drinking water crisis, it will be the ultimate source for survival. Of course, if Hydrogen economy will come, many perceptions will change.
4. Antarctica holds life below 4 km thick ice, it is preserving life so that in case there is catastrophe on earth, it is this life which will regenerate life on earth. Thus, Antarctica is the store house of basic imprints of various life forms.
5. Of course, there are differences in terms of deposits of oil, minerals etc.

Different marine life I suppose. As some examples: Polar bears are only in Arctic not Antarctic. Penguins in Antarctic but not Arctic.

Icebergs you have in both, Arctic and Antarctic. I guess a major difference is that in Arctic areas you still have more settlements and more population, in Antarctica and the Isles around, they are mostly inhabited by research bases, but not many genuine villages. Therefore I had the feeling Antarctica felt more remote and pristine. Environmental protection, in Antarctica seems very high. You need to clean your shoes and outer clothes with a special solution before transferring from one to other islands around Antarctica to not bring in foreign species. I think in Arctic areas this is a bit less practised.

The Antarctic Ocean is actually called the Southern Ocean. This ocean is the most forbidding body of Water own earth. It has the strongest and most rapid currents and the highest winds and the worst waves.

In the Arctic sea, the greatest measured wave is 16′.

There are other measures of difference, such as the salinity and water temperature. The Arctic, not Antarctic Ocean is the coldest on earth at about a constant 28.8° F while the Southern Ocean is 28 to 50°F. It is hypothesized that the difference in temperature of the ice and the ocean temperature makes the ocean so rough. The Southern Ocean is currently on a cooling trend.

The austerity of Antarctica is not explained by the warm ocean which surrounds it. It is only explained by the flat earth model, which tells us of a vast dark place. the lack of sun causes the extreme cold on the edge of earth. The vastness of this perimeter ocean causes it to be rough.

Everything is different between the Arctic and Antarctic. The explanatory power of the globe model does not work to explain this. However, on flat earth, it not only makes sense, it is expected. The magnetic field is very weak and it is dark, from what can ascertain, for much longer periods than the Arctic Ocean. Because the governments want people to believe that earth is a globe, (it is not a globe), we are told by them, with no evidence, that daylight and nightlight in the Antarctic ring of land around the edge of the flat plane if earth reflects that of the Arctic center of earth. This is untrue. The ship log records of the original navigators, including Antarctica’s reputed discoverer Captain Cook, tell of November darkness when there must be daylight.

The lack of light is very important. I have been close to Fairbanks where flowers were abundant, including wildflowers. There are native wild goats at mount Denali the hugest peak in North America. Only 75% is snow covered and its glacier is only 3700’ thick or under a mile. This is latitude 63 north. The summer flowers in anchorage do better than the flowers in Biston which is latitude of 42. I have also been to Akureryri which is almost latitude 66 at the end of dark Novemember. There is grass and it was not very cold staying just snove freezing while we were there. People live there. It’s a beautiful town and the second largest of Iceland. Its economy was based on herring fishing. Nobody lives below 55 south. .

Southern Terra Incognita (Antartica) was hypothesized by the early sphericists to balance out the known land beneath northern Polaris, although these early theorists did not have knowledge of the strong northern magnetic field. The perfection of the sphere could only be attained by the equality of land masses on its face. A big difference is that the northern land was known through hearsay and was approachable. The other land was unknown and hypothesized by some sphericists, of which there were few.

Discovery - In theory, both geographic poles were supposedly discovered about the same time in the early 1900s. Although the land of the north was considered known, certainly inside the Arctic Circle, the land of the south was not discovered until Captain Cook’s voyages in 1773. Only Admiral Byrd supposedly explored its interior from the air in 1956 with operation Deep Freeze. (He did not exhaustively fly over it, so public knowledge of this exploration is incomplete). The approach to the southern land was arduous, with raging seas, frozen seas, gale winds, and darkness. It was much more remote than the northern (central) land. It was effectively cut off to humanity unlike the north. There is no public knowledge, to this day, of the real geography of Antartica.

Life - There are many species which inhabit land inside the northern arctic circle. There are hardly if any native species inside the antarctic circle. There is a northern temperate zone outside the Arctic Circle (of 66.56°). There is no native permanent population there. There are big cities and nations within the 60th parallel north and 38,000+ people living in Nunavut, Canada. The Nattinnak Centre branch of the Nunavut Library Service is in Pond Inlet 72.4° N. 77° W serves a year round normal population. There are also settlements of non -military personnel north of Pond Inlet. McMurdo Station research station, at -77° S where 1000 temporary military/vetted civilian inhabitants reduce to 200 over the antarctic winter. The total “Antarctic continental” population reduces from 4000 to 1000. Amundson-Scott is at the ceremonial South Pole, is the furthest south -90°. The life in Antarctica is life which originates from elsewhere such as whales, seals and penguins. Only ten people are known to have been born in Antarctica. The first was an Argentinian taken there to give birth for purposes of making a national claim on the land. Antartica only has people stationed there. There is no real city south of -60°.

Light - There are many videos of 24 hour daylight for the Arctic Circle, and 24 hour daylight, which makes Reykjavík a summertime party place. There are attestations of 24 hour daylight in the Antarctic, but some historic documents which dispute this, such as the collision of two ships in darkness, at a time when there should have been light. There had been fake videos of 24 hour sunlight at a research station and it is suspicious that a fake video would be put up. Also a webcam at a research station was faking 24 hour sunlight and this is also suspicious. So there may not actually be 24 hours sunlight in the Antarctic.

Terrain - Whether a continent, or an ice ring, it has the coldest and highest mean elevation of any landmass on earth. Most of the elevation, we are told, is made of miles thick ice. This is unusual and not like the Arctic lands. The ice is said to be on land, unlike the arctic ice which is said to be on the sea.

Magnetism - The north magnetic pole is used for navigation, even past the equator. The southern magnetic pole is not strong, more dispersed, like a weak ring magnet, from what I infer.

Celestial map - Of course, the north has the pole star. The antarctic has what is called the southern cross, I understand, with no central star, out of the supposed billions around which one should be found, but is not. We are familiar with the Aurora called the Northern Lights. Antartica is also meant to have one, but I believe it is not the same as the Northern Lights, which can be seen quite far south in Iceland. But who is there to witness the Southern Lights?

Very different places. One is somewhat known, in the north, one is mostly unknown, in the south.