Funding source: H2020 European Research Council
Funding source: Fondation Pagnol
Funding source: Fondation Philippe Chatrier
Funding source: Stiftelsen för Gamla Tjänarinnor, Demensfonden, Stiftelsen Sigurd och Elsa Golje
Funding source: The Swedish Alzheimer Foundation
Funding source: The Swedish Brain Foundation
Funding source: Fondation Vaincre Alzheimer
Funding source: Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
Funding source: Torsten Söderbergs Stiftelse
Acknowledgments
All patients signed an informed consent, and this study was approved by the Bichat hospital ethics committee of Paris Diderot University.
-
Research funding: This study was supported jointly by the Fondation Philippe Chatrier (Paris, France), Fondation Plagnol, Fondation Vaincre Alzheimer (Paris, France), The Swedish Alzheimer Foundation, The Swedish Brain Foundation, Stiftelsen för Gamla Tjänarinnor, Demensfonden, Stiftelsen Sigurd och Elsa Golje, Torsten Söderberg Foundation, the European Research Council and the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. CSF ELISA kit neurogranin assays were provided by ADX Neurosciences.
-
Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
-
Competing interests: Mr AVENEAU (medical resident) declare no disclosure. Dr COGNAT and Dr DUMURGIER are investigator in several passive anti-amyloid immunotherapies and other clinical trials for Roche, Eisai, Lilly, Biogen, Astra-Zeneca, Lundbeck. Dr BOUAZIZ-AMAR is member of the National Advisory Board of Roche. Prof. ZETTERBERG has served at scientific advisory boards for Roche Diagnostics, Wave, Samumed and CogRx, has given open lectures sponsored by Alzecure, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB, a GU Ventures-based platform company at the University of Gothenburg. Prof. HUGON is investigator in several passive anti-amyloid immunotherapies and other clinical trials for Roche, Eisai, Lilly, Biogen, Astra-Zeneca, Lundbeck. He is a member of the advisory boards of RAMAN Health, Roche and Lilly. Prof. PAQUET is member of the International Advisory Boards of Lilly, is consultant of Fujiribio, ALZOHIS, NEUROIMMUNE, Ads Neuroscience, Roche, AgenT and GILEAD and is involved as investigator in several clinical trials for Roche, Esai, Lilly, Biogen, Astra-Zeneca, Lundbeck, Neuroimmune. Prof. BLENNOW has served as a consultant or at advisory boards for Alzheon, BioArctic, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Fujirebio Europe, IBL International, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche Diagnostics, and is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB, a GU Venture-based platform company at the University of Gothenburg. HV et EM were employees of ADx neurosciences at the period of the assessments.
-
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in this study.
-
Ethical approval: The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee.
References
1. Terry, RD, Masliah, E, Salmon, DP, Butters, N, DeTeresa, R, Hill, R, et al.. Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer’s disease: synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 1991;30:572–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410300410.Search in Google Scholar
2. de Wilde, MC, Overk, CR, Sijben, JW, Masliah, E. Meta-analysis of synaptic pathology in Alzheimer’s disease reveals selective molecular vesicular machinery vulnerability. Alzheimers Dement 2016;12:633–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2015.12.005.Search in Google Scholar
3. Kester, MI, Teunissen, CE, Crimmins, DL, Herries, EM, Ladenson, JH, Scheltens, P, et al.. Neurogranin as a cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for synaptic loss in symptomatic Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol 2015;72:1275. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.1867.Search in Google Scholar
4. Kvartsberg, H, Duits, FH, Ingelsson, M, Andreasen, N, Öhrfelt, A, Andersson, K, et al.. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of the synaptic protein neurogranin correlates with cognitive decline in prodromal Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2015;11:1180–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.10.009.Search in Google Scholar
5. Tarawneh, R, D’Angelo, G, Crimmins, D, Herries, E, Griest, T, Fagan, AM, et al.. Diagnostic and prognostic utility of the synaptic marker neurogranin in Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol 2016;73:561. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.0086.Search in Google Scholar
6. Kim, WH, Racine, AM, Adluru, N, Hwang, SJ, Blennow, K, Zetterberg, H, et al.. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurofibrillary tangles and synaptic dysfunction are associated with longitudinal decline in white matter connectivity: a multi-resolution graph analysis. NeuroImage Clin 2019;21:101586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2018.10.024.Search in Google Scholar
7. Portelius, E, Zetterberg, H, Skillbäck, T, Törnqvist, U, Andreasson, U, Trojanowski, JQ, et al.. Cerebrospinal fluid neurogranin: relation to cognition and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain 2015;138:3373–85. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awv267.Search in Google Scholar
8. Willemse, EAJ, De Vos, A, Herries, EM, Andreasson, U, Engelborghs, S, van der Flier, WM, et al.. Neurogranin as cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for Alzheimer disease: an assay comparison study. Clin Chem 2018;64:927–37. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2017.283028.Search in Google Scholar
9. Tible, M, Sandelius, Å, Höglund, K, Brinkmalm, A, Cognat, E, Dumurgier, J, et al.. Dissection of synaptic pathways through the CSF biomarkers for predicting Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2020;95:e953-61. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000010131.Search in Google Scholar
10. Koo, TK, Li, MY. A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability Research. J Chiropr Med 2016;15:155–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2016.02.012.Search in Google Scholar
Supplementary Material
The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2021-0505).
© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
